Pat the shrimp dry with paper towels, then sprinkle salt over them.
Place the olive oil and garlic in a 10- to 11-inch earthenware cazuela and heat over medium-low heat until the oil shimmers and the garlic begins to sizzle gently.
Cook until the garlic is very fragrant but not colored, 2 to 3 minutes, reducing the heat if necessary.
Add the chile and stir for a few seconds.
Add the shrimp and cook, stirring, until they just begin to turn pink, about 3 minutes.
Season with salt to taste, stir in the parsley, and cook for a few seconds longer.
Serve the shrimp in the cazuela with plenty of bread alongside.
Variations: This dish can be made with large shrimp, in which case I like to cook them in their shells to preserve their texture.
You can also prepare mushrooms, clams, or small pieces of chicken the same way.