In a small saucepan melt butter and stir in nuts and 1/4 teaspoon salt.
Transfer nuts to a baking sheet and bake in middle of oven until fragrant and one shade darker, about 6 minutes.
Cool nuts completely.
In a 2 1/2- to 3-quart heavy saucepan whisk together sugar and cornstarch and whisk in yolks, milk, and remaining 1/8 teaspoon salt until combined well.
Cook custard over moderate heat, whisking, until it just comes to a boil and simmer, whisking, 1 minute.
Transfer custard to a bowl and cool.
Chill custard, covered, until cold.
Stir in vanilla and cream until custard is combined well and freeze in an ice-cream maker.
Transfer ice cream to a metal bowl and stir in nuts.
In freezer harden ice cream until firm.
Ice cream may be made 1 week ahead and kept frozen, covered.